초록
<P>The optimal pretreatment condition for ethanol production from yellow poplar by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was investigated using response surface methodology. The degradation rate of yellow poplar was gradually increased by increasing the pretreatment severity. The amount of xylan degradation was directly proportional to the degradation rate. The structural change in the pre-treated biomass brought about oxalic acid pretreatment was studied by XRD, BET, and solid state CP/MAS C-13 NMR. The results suggested that hemicelluloses and amorphous cellulose were hydrolyzed by oxalic acid pretreatment. The crystallinity value of the pretreated biomass increased until the combined severity factor (CSF) became 1.52, while it decreased when the CSF became 1.92 due to degradation of some of the crystalline cellulose under severe pretreatment conditions. The surface area of the pretreated biomass increased slightly from 0.49 to 1.01 m(2)/g due to the removal of hemicellulose during oxalic acid pretreatment. The highest ethanol yield obtained 95.21% when the pretreated biomass was used for SSF. Using response surface methodology, it was found that the optimal oxalic acid pretreatment condition: oxalic acid, 82 mM; temperature, 160 degrees C; and time, 58 min. This condition agreed well with that obtained by the model prediction. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>